Resumen Introducción: La lesión del ligamento calcaneonavicular ha sido descrita como una de las causas de la deformidad en el pie plano del adulto. El objetivo de este artículo es describir portales modificados para el diagnóstico y la reparación endoscópica de las lesiones del fascículo superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular y evaluar la seguridad de los portales utilizados. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cadavérico con seis preparados reproduciendo una lesión del fascículo superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular con una punta de corte de radiofrecuencia y la posterior reparación endoscópica. Se crearon dos portales modificados para el abordaje. Luego se procedió a la disección anatómica para evaluar la seguridad de los portales en relación con las estructuras anatómicas. El primer portal se realiza inmediatamente proximal a una línea trazada desde la punta del maléolo medial dirigida al centro del talón, el segundo portal se emplaza 0,5 cm proximal a la inserción del tendón tibial posterior en el escafoides por transiluminación. Si es necesario, se coloca un portal accesorio inmediatamente dorsal al tendón tibial posterior a mitad de camino entre los dos portales antes descritos. Resultados: En todos los casos, fue posible la reparación del ligamento con el procedimiento endoscópico. En la disección anatómica de los portales, se observó una distancia promedio a las estructuras vasculonerviosas de 11,83 mm del portal proximal y de 9,66 mm del portal distal. Conclusión: Los portales modificados son seguros y permiten la visualización directa del haz superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular y su reparación endoscópica.

Abstract Introduction: Calcaneonavicular ligament injury has been described as a cause of adult flat foot deformity. The objective of this study is to describe modified portals for the diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the superomedial bundle of the calcaneonavicular ligament and to evaluate the safety of the portals used. Materials and Methods: We performed a cadaveric specimen study on 6 feet, where we reproduced a lesion of the superomedial bundle of the calcaneonavicular ligament with a radiofrequency ablation device and repaired it endoscopically. Two modified portals were created for the approach and an anatomical dissection was performed to assess the safety of the portals in relation to the anatomical structures. The first portal was placed immediately proximal to a line drawn from the tip of the medial malleolus toward the center of the heel; the second portal was placed 0.5 cm proximal to the posterior tibial tendon insertion into the navicular bone, guided by transillumination. If needed, an accessory portal was placed halfway between the two previously described portals immediately dorsal to the posterior tibial tendon. Results: In all cases, ligament repair was achieved with the endoscopic procedure. In the anatomical dissection of the portals, we observed an average distance of 11.83 mm from the proximal portal and 9.66 mm from the distal portal to neurovascular structures. Conclusion: Modified portals are safe and allow direct visualization of the superomedial bundle of the calcaneonavicular ligament to perform endoscopic repair.

The South African-Dutch research group responsible for this article started its activities in 2012 by looking at religious tolerance (in education) as a means of addressing the tendency for religious intolerance, extremism and fundamentalism. While (teaching in) tolerance seemed to be a promising way to counter religious intolerable behaviour, some shortcomings also became apparent. For example, the concept of tolerance includes an aspect of passivity towards others who adhere to another religion. The concept also does not appear to be able to respond to attitudes and values such as respect, human rights and diversity. Accurate investigation of this problem, both conceptually and empirically, led to the understanding that hospitality is a concept that embodies more active adaptation to those who are different (including religious). Hospitality, therefore, seems to be a more promising concept than tolerance for reducing religious tension between individuals and groups. The inner contradiction discovered by Derrida in the notion of hospitality does not detract from the concept of being defined from a Biblical point of view. Hospitality can also be taught to young people. Although there are no formal provisions for hospitality in the national curricula, an analysis of the Dutch and South African national curricula shows that there is room for hospitality education.

This is the first case of African horse sickness (AHS) in a dog where there was no apparent ingestion of horse meat. Significantly, the dog was part of a colony that resides in a Good Clinical Practice and Good Laboratory Practice accredited facility where complete history, weather and feeding records are maintained. The dog died after a week-long illness despite therapy. The principal post-mortem findings were severe hydrothorax and pulmonary consolidation (red hepatisation of the lungs). Histopathology revealed severe oedema and congestion of the lungs, hyaline degeneration of the myocardium and congestion of the liver sinusoids. Immunohistochemistry detected AHS-positive staining granules in the myocardium, whilst a real-time reverse transcription quantitative Polymerase chain reaction assay of tissue samples was strongly positive for African horse sickness virus nucleic acid. Other dogs on the property showed a 43% seroconversion rate to AHS.

Espécies de plantas associadas podem servir de abrigo para um grande número de organismo, entre eles ácaros predadores. Este estudo visou identificar as plantas associadas com maior potencial de inimigos naturais, para poder estabelecer formas de controle biológico. O estudo foi realizado nos municípios de Boqueirão do Leão e Dois Lajeados, no período de março de 2006 a fevereiro de 2007 e em Candiota e Bento GONÇALVES, no período de outubro de 2006 a setembro de 2007, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os ácaros foram coletados mensalmente em cinco espécies de plantas comumente encontradas no interior ou nos arredores da cultura de videiras. As plantas foram avaliadas sob microscópio estereoscópico, sendo encontrado um total de 1.036 ácaros das famílias Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae e Iolinidae. Foram amostradas 80 espécies de plantas, totalizando 506 amostragens. Em Sonchus oleraceus L, foram encontrados 110 espécimes, em Plantago tomentosa Lam. foram encontrados 105 ácaros, em Chromolaena Laevigata (Lam) R. M. King &H. Rob., 97 ácaros e em Solanum americanum Mill. 75 ácaros. Pronematus anconai BAKER, (1943) 1944, foi mais abundante, com 618 espécimes presentes em 44 plantas amostradas, Transeius lisei FERLA & SILVA 2008, com 112 espécimes, Typhlodromalus aripo Deleon, 1967, com 50 espécimes e Arrenoseius gaucho FERLA et al. 2010, com 68 espécimes. As espécies de plantas associadas à videira apresentam um grande número de ácaros predadores, sendo que elas podem ser um reservatório de inimigos naturais para controlar ácaros praga nesta cultura. Desta forma, essas plantas podem ser utilizadas em estratégias de onde programas de controle biológico aplicado podem ser utilizados.

Associated plant species can provide shelter for a large number of organisms, including predatory mites. This study aimed to identify the associated plants with the greatest potential for natural enemies, in order to establish forms of biological control. The study was conducted in Boqueirão do Leão and Dois Lajeados counties, from March 2006 to February 2007, and in Candiota and Bento GONÇALVES counties, from October 2006 to September 2007, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The mites were collected monthly on 5 plant species commonly found inside or outside the grapevine crop. The plants were evaluated under a stereoscopic microscope, and a total of 1036 mites of the Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae, and Iolinidae families were found. Eighty plant species were sampled, for a total of 506 samples. Examination revealed 110 specimens on Sonchus oleraceus L., 105 on Plantago tomentosa Lam., 97 on Chromolaena Laevigata (Lam) R. M. King & H. Rob., and 75 on Solanum americanum Mill. Pronematus anconai, 1944, was the most abundant species, with 618 specimens present on 44 plants, followed by Transeius lisei, with 112 specimens, Typhlodromalus aripo Deleon, 1967, with 50 specimens, and Arrenoseius gaucho, FERLA et al. 2010 with 68 specimens. Plants associated to the grapevine have a large number of predatory mites, and they can be a reservoir of natural enemies for the control of pest mites in this crop. Thus, these plants can be used in strategies involving the use of biological control programs.